Projectile.



narra srans rafraur orrion.

GILBERT H. HOXIE, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO HOXIE AMMUNI- TION COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS.

PROJECTILE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 5, 1907.

'Application sied october 25. 1906. seimila 34a/143.(

To all?, 'whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, GILBERT H. HOXIE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Projectiles, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to projectiles and is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein- Figure 1 is a longitudinal section through a projectile. Fig. 2 is aside elevation of the same. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section through a modification. Fig. 4 is a corresponding section through a further modification.

Like parts are indicated by the same letters in all the figures.

A is a cylinder` containing powder B. In the forward. end is placed the projectile, which comprises the jacket C, preferably of thin metal, the filling D, preferably of lead and lling the whole of the jacket, and the im act part E, preferably of steel.

F is a chamber back of the impact part. It is shown as closed in Figs. 1 and 2 and as open, by means of the holes G G, in Figs. 3, and 4.

H is the forward end of the jacket C.

J is the forward end of the filling D.

K is a portion of that filling which overhangs, and thusretains, the impact part I.

L is a portion of the filling which lies between the end of the shell C and the impact part E or the path which the impact partis to travel.

The impact part M (represented in Fig.- 4) is provided-with a groove N, into which the metal of the filling D is run, so that the iin` pact p art is held in position. It will be noted in the structure shown that the cross-section of the impact part E is greater than the cross-section of the chamber F and less than the cross-section of the jacket at its mouth. The filling material, so-called, so far as its function of supporting the impact part near th'e mouth of the jacket need not, of course, fill the entire jacket. The filling )roper may be described as that part of the filling material D which lies within the mouth of the jacket, helps choke the same, as hereinafter described, holds the impact part on`the jacket, and is arranged so as to cave or form a relatively free passage-stray for the impact part into the jacket or through the mouth thereof.

In Fig. 1 I have shown in dotted lines an extension of the filling material at Y to `cover the front end of the impact part.. This is only to illustrate that so far as this part of the invention is concerned the function of the filling material is to'hold the impact part, and the impact part is intended to take the blow or force of the first impact. A slight sheeting of another material-for example, that of the filling matter, not interfering with the effective operation of the impact part as suchcould be used, if necessary or desirable, for the purpose of convenience in manufacture or to assist in holding the impact part in position.

I have shown chamber F as either closed or open to the exterior air and as filled only with air. It may be arranged in many other ways and may be filled with material other than air, gaseous or otherwise, provided the arrangement of parts and materials is such as to give the impact part a relatively free rangeway in its movement into the filling or jacket. If the explosive effect of the air or other such material as the chamber may contain is to be made u se of, then of course the arrangement must be such as to confine such materials, and I prefer for that purpose a closed chamber. I think it important to have the filling and the impact part of different densities or weights per cubic unit. Another important feature is the arrangement of the parts so that when the impact part starts into this chamber its action is to choke or clog the forward end of the inclosing jacket, and thus split or break it open.

It is not perfectly easy to determine ex actly what action takes place in the case of a projectile of the class described. Broadly speaking, my projectile consists of an impact part not integral'with the filling or the jacket, a filling in the forward end of which the impact part is placed, a thin jacket surrounding i the body of suoli filling, and a relatively open or free passage-way for the passage of the iin- It should have a passage-way into the interior of the projectile of such a nature as to permitit under relatively slight pressure to enter the IOO VVIO

filling of the projectile or the acket, the Iilling should be surrounded and retained in position by a relatively thin suitable jacket, and, finally, the parts should be arranged so that when the impact part starts into the projectile it will exert in the best possible manner a element of my invention, therefore, is the arrangement behind the impact part of a relatively free passagerway, whichl may be either a closed or an cpenchamb'er or may be a chamber iilled With material other than air which Would easily give way and permit the impact part to enter. It is possible that part of the action, or the action under certain conditions, is'due tothe explosive effect of the air when the chamber is closed.

The volume of the filling and the thickness of its Walls Within the jacket can obviously be varied greatly. It has here three functions: first, the usual function of the lfilling in such a projectile second, the holding of the impact part in position, and,vthird, the furnishing of a relatively free Way for the impact part Within the jacket.v As previously, suggested, the size, shape, and arrangement of parts and the various material employed can be greatly changed Without departing from the spirit of my invention. lThe jacket is preferably of thin sheet copper or brass, the filling material is preferabl of lead, and the impact part is preferably o steel.

The use and operation of my invention are as follows: A projectile of a given diameter 'fired by a gun of a suitable bore will produce when it strikes the flesh of an animal a small holee-fsay twice the diameter of the projectile-and will pass through such flesh. Frequently animals are thus injured, but not fatally, or, if fatally, in such manner that they llive for a considerable period, and thus escape from the hunter. Under such circumstances, of course, they are subjected to great pain. When my invention is applied to a projectile of the same cross-section fired by the same gun, it will produce a disruption of the animal tissues over an area many times the cross-sectional area of the hole made by the ordinary projectile. To be more specific, a projectile a quarter of an inch in diameter, being in all respects similar to like projectiles except that my invention is applied to it,- and being fired `und er normal conditions for such a projectile, will enter the flesh of ananimal and tear and lacerate the tissues through a region Whose cross-sectional area is fromk three to four inches in diameter. Portions ofthe material of the projectile, ',particularly the jacket, may even pass intothe tissues over a eeaoiv much Widerarea. The result is that my bullet produces the effect of a hole four inches in di ameter through the attacked tissues. 'The 'y its body, Whether or not the vitale or principal bones are touched. A Theuse of my prcjectile is intended to increase the execution of a given Weapon, so that the hunter may use a lighter or smaller Weapon and still secure more satisfactory results than the use of the heavy Weapon, and to increase the e'l'liciencyof the projectile so that a small one will have the same eflciency as a larger one. It is believed that this projectile, either by the explosive effect of the air or by the splitting effect of the impact part onthe jacket, dis-` tributes the jacket portions through the tis sues almost at the instant of impact in such a way as to greatly Widen the'sphere of destructive activity of the projectile. vAt the same time when hard substances-such bone, thick cuticle, Wood, metal, ta-arenttacked the tendency of the projectile appears to `be to conserve its form, penetrataand then proceed on its way as above described. Thus l increase lthe ordinary penetration effin ciency over that of the smaller projectile in' hard materials and get a greatly-increaseE efficiency in softer substances.

rl `his projectile in lits preferred form com or projecting therefrom at the open end, an impact part of relatively hard metal supported at the forward po'rtion of the Yfilling material and provided with a cavity Within such 'filling material and within the jacket. Such a projectile will penetrate hard substances, such as bone or tough skin, Without .much spreading and Will when it enters'soft substances, either before or after penetrating such hard substances, spread or mushroom to a great extent, iroduci ng a highly-destructiveeffect. To do t is, the impact part is effectively ex posed-that is, it lies outside of any surrounding shell or jacket of hard or tenacious ma terialwthough, as explained, it may perhaps be embedded in the soft material which holds it. The free passage-way or cavity back of the impact part also seems essential, though how far the saine must be a closed chamber has not yet been clearly established.

I clai mi I l A projectile comprising an impact part, a jacket open at the forward end, andV a jacket-'filling the latteradapted to held the impact part in position and provided with a relatively free passage Way-fforUthe irnpact part.

rises an exterior jacket with a filling there- ICJO nog'

i i'o pact part, a jacket open at the forward endV and of nlativel'jT tenacious material and a effet-filling of relativelyY yielding material,

iter adapted to hold the impact part in in, and provided. with a relatively free ,-way for Ythe impact part. t lorejemile comprising an. impact part, i jacket ope t the forward end and a jacketr l'ng, the latter adapted to hold the impact part in position, and prorided with a chainocr to form. relatively free passage-way for the impa'tct part.

(i. projectile coniprisinpr an exposed irnit part, a jacket open at the .forward end and jacket-filling, the latter adapted to liold the impact part in position, and pro- 'ith a chainher to form a relatively ,A ngc-way for the impact part. n, projectile comprising an impact part, vnot open at the forward end and of relacions material and a jacket-'liking rely lwielding` material, the latter adapted to hold the impact part in position, and provided with a chamber to form a relal' free passage-way for the impact part.

of re l' projectile comprising an exposer iina jacket open at the forward end and Yclj icmicions material and a jacket filling of r tivelj'j'ielding material, thelatter adapted to hold the impact part in position, and provided with a chamber to forni a relatively4 l'rcc passage-way for Ithel impact part.

oA il., projectile'comprising an impact part, a jacket open at the. forward end, and interos-ed i'ilin4 material aoapted to hold the in.-

-fidc a relatively irce passage-way into the projectile cmnprisinpr an: impact aelret open at the forward end and inner rrlativcly free passage-way,

lo and adapted to hold the impact ositlen on t'nc jacket in front of such met part in position on the jacket 'and pl'o- ,-'crposzcd idling material in the month i l i i l l impact part being slightly less than the diameter of the jacket.

.12. A projectile comprising an impact part, a jacket ope-n at the forward end and interposed filling material in the mouth of the jacket ada ted to hold the impact part in position on t ic jacket, the diameter of the .nnpact part being slightly less than the diameter of the jacket, said jacket having a relatively free passage-way of less diameter than that of the impact part.

1'3. A projectile coinprisimT a lead bullet having a recess in its forward end, afjacket inclosing tle bullet in part with tl:e forward portion tlereof exposed, and an expanderphlg arranged in said recess to form tlc iinpact-point of tlc projectile, tic said recess having a greater depth than the expanderplug to provide a closed air-chamber at the rear of the expander-plug.

'14. A projectile comprising a lead buletl liaving a central recess in its forward end, a jacket inelosing tlie bullet in part with the forward portion thereof exposed, and an expander-plof: arranged in said central recess to forni tl e impact-point of tllc said central recess lia-ving a greater depth titan tle expander-plug to provide a closed air-chamber at tlc rear of tlc expander-plug.

1.5. A projectile comprising a lead bullet lavine a tapering; recess in its forward end, a

l jacket inclosingr tle bullet in part with tlze forward portion tlcreof exposed, and an eX- ponder-plopr arranged in said tapering recess to forni tl' iimpact-pointof tlte projectile, tl'c said tapering recess having a greater depth than tlie expander-plug to air-chamber at the rear o plug. a

i6. A. projectile comprising' a lead bullet having: a central taperingr recess `in its forward end7 a jacket inclosing tlic lnillet in part with tlc forward portion tlcreof cxposed, and an expander-plug arranged in said central ta ierinpr recess to forni tlie iinpact-point of tl tle expanderxe projectile, tltc said central tapering recess lfaving a greater depth than the expander-plug to provide a closed airchamher at tl'e rear of tlle expander-plug,

17. A projectile comprising a lead bullet leaving a recess in its forward end, a jacket inclosing tine hullct in part with the forward portion thereof exposed, and an expanderplng of a spi-erical form arranged iln said recess to form the impact-pointof tlieprojectile, the said recess haring a greater depth than tlze expatnier-plop to provide a closed air-chamber at the rear ot tlte expander'- plcH 18. A projectile comprising a lead bullet having a central recess in its forward end, a jacket inclosing the forward portieri thereof exposed, and an enpandcr-plug of spherical' projectile, tlie bullet in part with they loo provide a closed saidfeentral recess to form the impeetepoint of the projectile, the seid eentrai recess having e greater depth than trie expenderplug to .provide a closed :tir-Chamber at tlie rear of the expander-plug.

19. A ,projectile Comprising e. leed bullet having e tapering recess in its'forward end, e

.jaeketfinelosing tle bullet, in pti-rt with the forward portion thereof exposed, and en eX- pxmder-.plug of splie rieal iforln arranged 11i 'seid tapering recess .to form the impact-point of tire-projectile, the seid te eriiig recess lievling e greeter depthE than t 1e expander-plug i to provide a closed elr-eliemberv at the rear or .I 5

the expanderplug.

l20. A projectile comprising a lead bullet having e cent1-el tapering recessiiiits forward end,= e jaelretv iiwlosiiig the bullet in part with Witnesses 1 j ABBIE E. JoHNsoN, Sorlin; VJERNER. 

